Invention of the telephone - Wikipedia. The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many individuals, and involved an array of lawsuits founded upon the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies. This article covers the early years from 1. Sound waves are carried as mechanical vibrations along the string or wire from one diaphragm to the other. The classic example is the tin can telephone, a children's toy made by connecting the two ends of a string to the bottoms of two metal cans, paper cups or similar items. The essential idea of this toy was that a diaphragm can collect voice sounds from the air, as in the ear, and a string or wire can transmit such collected voice sounds for reproduction at a distance. One precursor to the development of the electromagnetic telephone originated in 1. Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Eduard Weber invented an electromagnetic device for the transmission of telegraphic signals in G. He observed that connecting and disconnecting the current caused a ringing sound in the magnet. He called this effect . That is about the same time that Meucci later claimed to have created his first attempt at the telephone in Italy. Bourseul explained: . It is certain that, in a more or less distant future, speech will be transmitted by electricity. I have made experiments in this direction; they are delicate and demand time and patience, but the approximations obtained promise a favourable result. Reis also introduced the term . The first sentence spoken on it was . In the Reis transmitter, a diaphragm was attached to a needle that pressed against a metal contact. This resembled the make- or- break design of Bourseul, although Reis used the term . This can be called a . The results also confirmed it could faintly transmit and receive speech. At the time STC was bidding for a contract with Alexander Graham Bell's American Telephone and Telegraph Company, and the results were covered up by STC's chairman Sir Frank Gill to maintain Bell's reputation. In 1. 87. 1 Meucci filed a caveat at the US Patent Office. His caveat describes his invention, but does not mention a diaphragm, electromagnet, conversion of sound into electrical waves, conversion of electrical waves into sound, or other essential features of an electromagnetic telephone. The first American demonstration of Meucci's invention took place in Staten Island, New York in 1. In 1. 86. 0, a description of it was reportedly published in an Italian- language New York newspaper, although no known copy of that newspaper issue or article has survived to the present day. Meucci claimed to have invented a paired electromagnetic transmitter and receiver, where the motion of a diaphragm modulated a signal in a coil by moving an electromagnet, although this was not mentioned in his 1. The Invention of Lying. Find out more about the stories behind the inventions and inventors that shaped history. Explore interesting articles, facts, pictures, videos and more on History.com. U. S. A further discrepancy observed was that the device described in the 1. In the 1. 88. 0s Meucci was credited with the early invention of inductive loading of telephone wires to increase long- distance signals. Unfortunately, serious burns from an accident, a lack of English, and poor business abilities resulted in Meucci's failing to develop his inventions commercially in America. Meucci demonstrated some sort of instrument in 1. Havana, Cuba, but the evidence is clear that this was not an electromagnetic telephone and may have been a variant of a string telephone that used wire. Meucci has been further credited with invention of an anti- sidetone circuit. However, examination showed that his solution to sidetone was to maintain two separate telephone circuits, and thus use twice as many transmission wires. The anti- sidetone circuit later introduced by Bell Telephone instead cancelled sidetone through a feedback process. An American District Telegraph (ADT) laboratory reportedly lost some of Meucci's working models, his wife reportedly disposed of others and Meucci, who sometimes lived on public assistance, chose not to renew his 1. A resolution was passed by the United States House of Representatives in 2. Meucci did pioneering work on the development of the telephone. Others in Canada disagreed with the Congressional resolution, some of whom provided criticisms of both its accuracy and intent. An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is a process within an overall engineering and product development. Join World Patent Marketing's Invention Revolution - patents, prototypes, licensing, Sell on TV! Do you think you have one of the next cool invention ideas? Invention is a skill which allows players to disassemble items and obtain new materials. These can be used to manufacture newly discovered devices and augment a. Hoverbike is a revolution in aviation, designed to do what a helicopter does, but cost less and do so better. Support this Project here: http://www.hover. Chronology of Meucci's invention. What follows, if not otherwise stated, is a r. This telephone is constructed on the model of pipe- telephones on ships and is still working. He used to give his patients two conductors linked to 6. Bunsen batteries and ending with a cork. He also kept two conductors linked to the same Bunsen batteries. He used to sit in his laboratory, while the Bunsen batteries were placed in a second room and his patients in a third room. In 1. 84. 9 while providing a treatment to a patient with a 1. V electrical discharge, in his laboratory Meucci heard his patient's scream through the piece of copper wire that was between them, from the conductors he was keeping near his ear. His intuition was that the . In order to continue the experiment without hurting his patient, Meucci covered the copper wire with a piece of paper. Through this device he heard inarticulated human voice. He called this device . Meucci later claimed that he did not think about transmitting voice by using the principle of the telegraph . ![]() The instrument was hosted in a cylindrical carton box. He constructed a simple calling system with a telegraphic manipulator which short- circuited the instrument of the calling person, producing in the instrument of the called person a succession of impulses (clicks), much more intense than those of normal conversation. As he was aware that his device required a bigger band than a telegraph, he found some means to avoid the so- called . He successfully used an insulated copper plait, thus anticipating the litz wire used by Nikola Tesla in RF coils. In 1. 86. 4 Meucci later claimed that he realized his . The instrument was housed in a shaving- soap box, whose cover clamped the diaphragm. In August 1. 87. 0, Meucci later claimed that he obtained transmission of articulate human voice at a mile distance by using as a conductor a copper plait insulated by cotton. He called his device . Drawings and notes by Antonio Meucci dated September 2. December 1. 9, 1. Meucci's 1. 87. 1 caveat did not mention any of the telephone features later credited to him by his lawyer, and which were published in that Scientific American Supplement, a major reason for the loss of the 'Bell v. Globe and Meucci' patent infringement court case, which was decided against Globe and Meucci. Varley, F. R. S., a well- known English electrician, patented a number of variations on the audio telegraph based on Reis' work. He never claimed or produced a device capable of transmitting speech, only pure tones. Poul la Cour. His experiment used a vibrating tuning- fork to interrupt the line current, which, after traversing the line passed through an electromagnet that acted upon the tines of another tuning- fork, making it resonate at the same pitch of the transmitting fork. Moreover, the hums were also recorded on paper by turning the electromagnetic receiver into a relay, which actuated a Morse code printer by means of a local battery. Again, la Cour made no claims of transmitting voice, only pure tones. Electro- magnetic transmitters and receivers. In Gray's tone telegraph, several vibrating steel reeds tuned to different frequencies interrupted the current, which at the other end of the line passed through electromagnets and vibrated matching tuned steel reeds near the electromagnet poles. Gray's 'harmonic telegraph,' with vibrating reeds, was used by the Western Union Telegraph Company. Since more than one set of vibration frequencies . Each message can either be read by an operator by the sound, or from different tones read by different operators, or a permanent record can be made by the marks drawn on a ribbon of travelling paper by a Morse recorder. On July 2. 7, 1. 87. Gray was granted U. S. The water transmitter described in Gray's caveat was strikingly similar to the experimental telephone transmitter tested by Bell on March 1. Bell (who knew of Gray) was inspired by Gray's design or vice versa. Although Bell did not use Gray's water transmitter in later telephones, evidence suggests that Bell's lawyers may have obtained an unfair advantage over Gray. The classic story of him saying ! This showed that the telephone worked, but it was a short- range phone. Bell was also an astute and articulate businessman with influential and wealthy friends. As Professor of Vocal Physiology at Boston University, Bell was engaged in training teachers in the art of instructing deaf mutes how to speak, and experimented with the Leon Scottphonautograph in recording the vibrations of speech. This apparatus consists essentially of a thin membrane vibrated by the voice and carrying a light- weight stylus, which traces an undulatory line on a plate of smoked glass. The line is a graphic representation of the vibrations of the membrane and the waves of sound in the air. He began his experiments in 1. Bourseul, Reis, and Gray. Bell's designs employed various on- off- on- off make- break current- interrupters driven by vibrating steel reeds which sent interrupted current to a distant receiver electro - magnet that caused a second steel reed or tuning fork to vibrate. Bell told Watson, who was at the other end of the line, to pluck the reed, thinking it had stuck to the pole of the magnet. Watson complied, and to his astonishment Bell heard a reed at his end of the line vibrate and emit the same timbre of a plucked reed, although there was no interrupted on- off- on- off currents from a transmitter to make it vibrate. The battery current was not causing the vibration but was needed only to supply the magnetic field in which the reeds vibrated.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |